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The Ecological Environment of New Guinea

The island of New Guinea is rich in terrestrial animals, including animal species from Asia and Australia, ranging from marsupials (mostly arboreal marsupials) and monotremes to rodents and even wild dogs and boars. This island is also known for its numerous birds and is known as a paradise for birds. The eating turkeys hidden in the dense forest have hard coronal protrusions on the top of their heads and flesh drooping under their necks. They are afraid of light and come out early and late to forage. They are larger birds. The color tone of the bird of paradise (also known as the wind bird) is extremely prominent, and the beautiful feathers of the male bird are rare among birds. The bowerbird, a type of songbird, builds its nest in a special “garden pavilion” and has peculiar feathers. The most unique is the camp mound bird, which does not hatch eggs themselves, but lays them in decaying leaves or soil piles, relying on sunlight and the heat of decaying organic matter to hatch. Reptiles and amphibians are more commonly distributed on the island. Mangrove swamps can be seen almost everywhere along the coast, while palm trees grow inland. There are large areas of West Valley coconut forests along the delta and river coasts of the southern coast. Most areas below an altitude of approximately 1005m in New Guinea are primitive lowland rainforests. The central plateau above an altitude of 1005m is dotted with oak, beech, and pine forests. Most areas of the plateau basin have a large amount of natural vegetation that has been cut down by farmers living on the plateau to develop relatively intensive agriculture. The central plateau is the most densely populated area in New Guinea. The foothills forest areas in the northern central plateau and the grasslands in the sparsely populated Manburamo and Sepik river basins are characterized by slash and burn farming or rotational farming. The population on the northern coast is also quite dense. New Guinea has a wide variety of plant species, including orchids, figs, and various artificial beeches. Wildlife includes many reptiles and some marsupials, such as tree kangaroos and knot toed animals. Birds are known for eating turkeys (a large, flightless bird), spectacular windbirds, and parrots. New Guinea Island is located near the equator and in the transitional zone between Asia and Australia. It is not only rich in plant resources, but also has plant species from both continents. It contains various species of the Eucalyptus and Melaleuca genera from the Australian plant area, as well as plants from the Asian tropical plant area such as the Drosera and Palmae families. Two thirds of the island of New Guinea is covered by tropical forests. Due to the high altitude of the island, the vertical band spectrum is very obvious. Generally speaking, rainforests below 900m are low-lying areas with dense forests, diverse tree species, and five levels. There are many epiphytic and parasitic plants; 900-1800m is mountainous rainforest, and some sections are mixed with Podocarpus mongolicus and Araucaria lanceolata; 1800-3000m is a mixed forest, with moss lichens covering the trees; Above is the alpine meadow; Areas above 4400m are considered permanent snow cover zones. With approximately 786000 square kilometers of tropical land, New Guinea has enormous ecological value: 11000 plant species; Almost 600 unique bird species, including the Paradise Bird; More than 400 species of amphibians; 455 species of butterflies; Including bondegezou, Goodfellow’s (Tree Kangaroo), Huon (Tree Kangaroo), Long beaked, Tenkile (mountain mouse), Marsupials and various mammals such as cuscus and possum. Most species, at least their origins, are shared with the Australian continent, which was part of the same vast land until quite recent geological periods. The middle and upper reaches of many rivers in mountainous areas have turbulent water flow and abundant hydraulic resources. Forests account for over 70% of the island’s land area, most of which are primitive tropical forests. Due to economic backwardness and transportation difficulties, the vast majority of resources have not yet been developed and utilized.

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Madagascar

The Republic of Madagascar, abbreviated as Madagascar, was formerly known as the Republic of Malagasia. It is an island country in the Indian Ocean in southeast Africa, facing the African continent across the Strait of Mozambique, with a land area of 592,000 square kilometers (including surrounding islands) and a coastline of about 5,000 kilometers. It is rich in mineral deposits, among which graphite reserves rank first in Africa. As of 2023, the Republic of Madagascar has a population of about 30.3 million, made up of 18 ethnic groups, with a total of 6 provinces and 23 regions, with the capital Antananarivo. The majority of the population professes traditional religions and Christianity, the national language is Malagasy, and the official lingua franca is French. The Republic of Madagascar is one of the least developed countries, with an economy dominated by agriculture, heavily dependent on foreign aid, a weak industrial base, and the largest producer and exporter of vanilla in the world. Water and land transportation is underdeveloped, and the railway is a monorail. In 2022, the Republic of Madagascar had a GDP of $15.23 billion and a per capita GDP of $516.6. The Republic of Madagascar is a Member State of the United Nations and a member of the African Union, the Southern African Development Community and the Organization of la Francophonie, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, the Indian Ocean Commission and the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation.

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Marlloca

Mallorca is located in the Mediterranean Sea, also known as Mallorca Island, an area of 3640 square kilometers (75 kilometers north and south, 100 kilometers east and west), Mallorca’s capital Palma. Mallorca is full of sandy beaches, steep cliffs, and fields planted with olive or almond trees.

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Cuba

Due to decades of political isolation, Cuba has been largely overlooked by the world. This is a colonial city, and the white beaches here have not been discovered by tourists, so the natural environment of the island is well protected and not polluted by chain enterprises such as McDonald’s and Starbucks. All of this has added to Cuba’s charm, and the locals are really happy to see tourists arrive on this colorful island. Therefore, if you are looking for a real travel experience, this is currently your best travel destination. From French neoclassicism and decorative art to the influence of Spanish Moorish and colonial Baroque styles, Cuban architecture will never disappoint tourists. Whether in Old Havana, which is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, or on the cobblestone streets of Trinidad, you can easily take photos of brightly colored exterior walls. Although buildings like the Capitol and Havana Cathedral are undoubtedly the central stage of Havana, don’t miss out on other less obvious architectural treasures in this city. Havana’s crumbling colonial architecture has its own beauty, all of which adds to its charming charm. Cuba has numerous beaches, approximately 300 of them. Each one is a perfect scene – a pink white beach surrounded by blue seawater. Beautiful beaches such as the Prayalo Flamenco dance on Cayo Coco Island and beach volleyball on Cayo Guillermo Island. But no matter where you choose, you will feel a distance of one million miles from home. Cuba enjoys a warm subtropical climate and is an excellent vacation destination almost at any time of the year, with ample sunshine. The island receives an average of 8 hours of sunshine per day, with approximately 300 sunny days per year. Cuba has only experienced two different seasons in a year, with the dry season lasting from November to April and the rainy season from May to October. Although named the Western Season, these months often see rainstorm pouring down, but it soon dries up, exposing the clear sky again.

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Italy

As the heart of the Mediterranean, Sicily is like a brilliant gem set in the azure waters. This island not only boasts rich historical and cultural heritage, but also integrates the gifts of nature, providing visitors with a unique visual feast. Here, you can experience ancient architecture, beautiful beaches, charming valleys, and mysterious history, all of which make Sicily an unmissable tourist destination. The history of Sicily can be traced back to ancient Greece, where it was once the intersection of numerous civilizations. The island preserves a large number of historical relics, such as ancient Greek theaters, Roman palaces, and Arab mosques, each with a profound historical background. Tourists can experience the collision and integration of different cultures here, and gain a deeper understanding of the development of European history. In addition to its rich historical and cultural heritage, Sicily also boasts stunning natural scenery. The eastern coastline of the island is winding and winding, with many beautiful beaches and bays scattered along the way. The beach here is delicate and pure white, and the seawater is crystal clear, making it an excellent place for various water sports. The west coast of the island is famous for its spectacular cliffs and sea caves, attracting countless brave climbers and explorers. In addition, there are many charming valleys and rural scenery inside the island. In these places, tourists can experience the unique rural customs of Sicily, taste delicious local ingredients, and feel the blessings of nature. Sicilian cuisine is also one of its highlights. The ingredients here are fresh and rich, with unique cooking techniques that leave a lasting impression. Local seafood, olive oil, spices, and alcoholic beverages are all top-notch ingredients, providing a feast of taste for foodies. In the alleys of Sicily, you can taste many local specialties, such as moat noodles, seafood platters, and desserts. These delicacies are not only delicious but also creative and artistic, allowing people to experience the charm of culture while enjoying the food.

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Sri Lanka’s Foreign Trade

Sri Lanka implements a free trade policy, allowing for the free import of all goods except for oil, which is controlled by the government. In recent years, there has been a fundamental change in the export trade structure, shifting from a focus on agricultural products to a focus on industrial products. The main export commodities are textiles, clothing, tea, rubber and its products, and jewelry products. The main import targets are India, China, the United States, Canada, the United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Japan, Australia, etc. China Sri Lanka Trade In 1952, China and Sri Lanka signed the Rice Rubber Trade Agreement, which became a beautiful story in the history of friendly cooperation between the two countries. From 1953 to 1982, China Sri Lanka trade was a bookkeeping trade. In 1983, trade between the two countries began to be settled in spot exchange. The bilateral trade volume in 2018 was 4.58 billion US dollars, an increase of 4.1% year-on-year. In 2020, the bilateral trade volume was 4.16 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 7.3%. In 2021, the bilateral trade volume was 5.903 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 41.9%. In 2022, the bilateral trade volume was 4.15 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 27.8%. In 2023, the bilateral trade volume was 4.11 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 1.1%. At present, China mainly imports rubber and its products, black tea, gemstones, and coconut oil from Sri Lanka, and exports textiles, mechanical and electrical products, building materials, small hardware, medicine, etc. Some well-known Chinese products, such as Haier home appliances, Huawei smartphones, and Qingqi motorcycles, have entered the Chinese market. [18] Trade partners In 2020, China surpassed India to become Sri Lanka’s largest trading partner, while the United States remains Sri Lanka’s third largest trading partner. In 2020, Sri Lanka’s trade volume with China, India, and the United States totaled 10.5 billion US dollars, accounting for approximately 40% of the total foreign trade volume, but decreased by 2.1 billion US dollars compared to 12.6 billion US dollars in 2019. Affected by the COVID-19, the bilateral trade volume with other major trading partners also declined. In 2020, European and American countries remained the main export destinations for Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka’s exports to the United States account for 24.9% of the total exports, followed by the United Kingdom (9.0%), India (6.0%), Germany (5.7%), and Italy (4.5%). In addition, Sri Lanka’s exports to the European Union account for 17.0% of its total exports. In 2020, Asian countries remained Sri Lanka’s main source of imports. China has become Sri Lanka’s largest source of imports for the second consecutive year, with imports from China accounting for 22.0% of its total imports; Next are India (19.2%), the United Arab Emirates (6.4%), Singapore (4.3%), and Malaysia (3.8%). service trade In 2020, Sri Lanka’s trade surplus in services decreased from 2.849 billion dollars to 819 million dollars, a decrease of about 2 billion dollars, mainly because of the impact of the COVID-19 and the sharp decline in tourism and transportation services, the main source of income in previous years. In 2020, the revenue of the computer and information service industries in Sri Lanka significantly increased, becoming the main contributor to service trade revenue that year. In terms of tourism, the tourism industry in Sri Lanka has been severely affected by global border blockades and border closures by the Sri Lankan government since mid March 2020. The total number of tourists for the year was only 508000, a year-on-year decrease of 73.5%; Tourism revenue was approximately 682 million US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 81.1%. Transportation service revenue has significantly decreased due to disruptions in global supply chains and logistics networks, with both sea and air freight revenue experiencing declines. In addition, due to the sluggish global economic activity, the inflow and outflow of service trade in various industries, including insurance, financial services, construction services, and other commercial services, have all decreased in 2020. Oil trade On June 26, 2022 local time, Sri Lanka, which was short of funds, announced the dispatch of ministers to Russia and Qatar in the hope of obtaining cheap oil at the last moment when fuel was almost depleted.

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Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka, a pearl located in the Indian Ocean, is known as the “Garden of the Indian Ocean”. Its beautiful beaches, majestic Buddhist temples, rich cultural heritage and breathtaking natural scenery attract many tourists to explore it. First of all, Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka, is the transit point for most tourists and is also the commercial and cultural center of Sri Lanka. Here, you can visit Colombo’s unique architecture, museums and historical sites, as well as taste local food and shop. Colombo is also home to some stunning temples such as the Suryawethyrama Temple and the Belaha Temple, which showcase Sri Lanka’s deep religious culture.Sri Lanka is a great place to visit ancient monuments. The ancient city of Anuradhapura is a very famous site in Sri Lanka. There are huge Buddhist stone carvings and murals here. Polonnaruwa, the ancient cultural capital of Sri Lanka, is also a must-see for tourists, with magnificent ancient buildings and temples. Sri Lanka’s natural beauty is also a highlight. Unaselia National Park is one of Sri Lanka’s most famous wildlife reserves, home to a rich variety of wildlife, including elephants, lions and buffaloes. In addition, Sri Lanka also has many beautiful natural attractions, such as Alice Rock, Dambulla Ancient City and Rwanda National Park, each of which leaves a deep impression on people. When traveling in Sri Lanka, you can also try some local specialties, such as Sri Lankan curry, fish pancakes, and rice minced meat. The food here has a strong flavor of spices and is endlessly memorable. Of course, it is also important to understand the local culture and customs in advance. Sri Lanka has strict religious customs and etiquette, and tourists should respect the local culture and beliefs.

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Finland

The Republic of Finland, abbreviated as Finland, has its capital Helsinki and is located in northern Europe. It borders Sweden, Norway, and Russia, with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west. The total area is 338000 square kilometers, with a coastline of 1100 kilometers, and the terrain is high in the north and low in the south. Belongs to a temperate marine climate. As of February 2024, the total population of Finland is 5.68 million, with the main ethnic group being Finnish. Finnish and Swedish are both official languages. About 9000 years ago during the late glacial period, the ancestors of the Finnish people migrated from the south and southeast to this place. In the second half of the 12th century, Finland began to belong to Sweden, and in the mid-14th century, Finland officially became a part of Sweden. In 1809, Finland became the Grand Duchy of Russia after the Russo Swedish War. On December 6, 1917, Finland gained independence, and in 1919, the Republic of Finland was established. Finland is a developed capitalist country. Finland has been industrializing and urbanizing since World War II. It joined the European Union in 1995 and the Eurozone in 1999, making it the only Nordic member state of the Eurozone. Finland has strong comprehensive competitiveness, advanced technological level, and sound laws and regulations. Finland’s economic development relies heavily on the international market and advocates for free trade. Industries such as wood processing, papermaking, and forestry machinery are important pillar industries, with a world leading level. In 2023, Finland’s gross domestic product was 277.6 billion euros. In the 2023 World Happiness Report, the Nordic country Finland won the title of the happiest country in the world for the sixth consecutive year

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Fiji

Fiji has a mild and pleasant climate, with little temperature variation between seasons, making it suitable for tourism throughout the year. Fiji is a tropical paradise, without a true winter, it will only get warmer and warmer! Fiji is located south of the equator and has a warm and comfortable subtropical climate. The daily average temperature is generally between 26 ° C and 31 ° C, and it will be slightly cooler in cool months at night. The hot summer season will not be too hot. On larger islands such as Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, rainfall and humidity vary due to the obstruction of high mountain ranges and the main influence of southeast trade winds. The eastern region of the island has higher humidity. Its diverse landscapes and lush tropical rainforests make it an excellent destination for world-class hiking and bird watching. The western region of the island is relatively dry, with its dry forests and grasslands becoming its distinctive features, making it ideal for hiking and admiring the beautiful scenery along the way. The climate in smaller island land areas is relatively more homogeneous. Fiji is known as the “primitive paradise left behind on earth” and is the earliest place in the world to welcome the sunrise. It is also one of the five major diving bases in the world, with many bizarre coral reefs and colorful clownfish. Fiji is also a honeymoon destination, where many newlyweds come here every year for their honeymoon! It is a very beautiful island country!

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Saipan Island

Saipan Island is the largest island and capital of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, with an area of 185 square kilometers and a population of approximately 52200 people. The highest point, Mount Tabojiao, has an altitude of 466 meters. Currently, we mainly produce dried coconuts, as well as taro, cassava, yams, breadfruits, and bananas. We also have commercial docks and international airports. In 1944, it was occupied by the US military and became an important air force base for the US military. In 1962, it became the capital of the United States Trust Territory for Pacific Islands. On November 28, 2009, the United States federal government took over immigration affairs in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Saipan Island and its neighboring islands are located near Asia and belong to the Pacific Rim. Saipan Island has a comfortable and pleasant climate, with abundant sunshine throughout the year, fresh air, and clear water and sand. The annual average temperature is around 27 ℃, making it a paradise for tourism and vacation. Saipan’s beaches extend from west to south, with rocky and uneven eastern coasts and steep cliffs on the northern coast. This island is 23 kilometers long and 8 kilometers wide, allowing you to embark on a full day jungle adventure with ease. The entire island is littered with remnants and memories from World War II, and survivors and their families often hold commemorative ceremonies on the island. The distribution of scenic spots on Saipan Island is known as the world’s number one diving holy land, as its diverse terrain and ultra-high transparency of seawater allow divers to showcase their skills. In addition to snorkeling and diving, you can also choose various water activities such as fishing, surfing, helicopters, sailing, jungle exploration, submarines, and water parachutes. In addition, Saipan Island has four world-class golf courses and two small golf courses, all of which integrate the tropical beauty of Saipan Island. The environment is superior and it is a challenging venue for golfers, suitable for different levels of golfers.

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