The the Arab Republic of Egypt (Arabic: ج م ه و ي م ص ص ص ي), referred to as “Egypt”, is the capital of Cairo, spanning Asia and Africa. Most of it is located in northeast Africa, bordering Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, the Red Sea to the east, Palestine and Israel to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north. The northern coastal region has a Mediterranean climate, while the rest of the region has a tropical desert climate. Composed of plains, valleys, and plateaus, the main resources are oil and gas resources, as well as iron ore. The total area is 1000145 square kilometers, with a coastline of approximately 2900 kilometers. The country is divided into 27 provinces. As of September 2022, the total population of Egypt is about 104 million, mainly practicing Islam, mainly the Eastern Ham ethnic group, and the official language is Arabic. Egypt is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world. In 3200 BC, Menes unified Egypt and established the first slave state, which went through the early kingdoms, ancient kingdoms, middle kingdoms, new kingdoms, and later dynasties. The productivity of the New Kingdom significantly improved, and it began to expand outward, becoming a military empire. In the post dynastic period, there were internal and external troubles, and the country’s strength declined day by day. In 525 BC, Egypt became a province of the Persian Empire. Over the next thousand years, Egypt was successively conquered by Greece and Rome. In 641, the Arabs invaded and Egypt gradually became Arabized, becoming an important center of Islam. In 1517, it became a province of the Ottoman Empire. In 1882, after the British occupation, it became a British protectorate. On February 28, 1922, Britain declared Egypt an independent country. On June 18, 1953, the Republic of Egypt was established. On September 1, 1971, it was renamed the the Arab Republic of Egypt. [5] Egypt is the headquarters of the League of Arab States and a member of the African Union, playing an important role in Arab, African, and international affairs. Egypt is the third largest economy in Africa, with an open market economy and a relatively complete industrial, agricultural, and service industry system. In 2021, Egypt’s gross domestic product was 385.58 billion US dollars.
